Pulmonology is the medical specialty that deals with diseases and disorders of the respiratory system, particularly the lungs and bronchial tubes. Pulmonologists are experts in diagnosing and treating conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung cancer. They utilize a variety of diagnostic tools, including pulmonary function tests, imaging studies, and bronchoscopy, to assess lung function and identify abnormalities.

Treatment approaches in pulmonology may range from medication management to advanced procedures like mechanical ventilation and lung transplantation. Given the critical role of the respiratory system in oxygenating the blood and maintaining overall health, pulmonology is a vital field, especially in the context of rising respiratory diseases and conditions exacerbated by environmental factors like pollution and smoking.