Serology is the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids to detect the presence of antibodies or antigens, primarily for diagnosing infections and immune responses. Serological tests are crucial in identifying whether a person has been exposed to a particular pathogen, such as viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms. By analyzing the interaction between antibodies and antigens in a sample, serologists can determine if an individual has an active or past infection, immunity to a disease, or an autoimmune disorder.

This field is particularly important in infectious disease control, blood transfusion services, and vaccine development. Serology also plays a vital role in epidemiology, helping track the spread of diseases within populations and guiding public health interventions. As the demand for accurate and rapid diagnostic tools grows, serology continues to be a cornerstone in the detection and management of infectious and immunological diseases.